Open-Access Fabrication Engineering Architecture

Deterministic reference for CNC, sheet metal & welding.

FabLogic provides verifiable, zero-telemetry manufacturing equations, standard shop floor reference matrices, and rigorous mathematical proofs derived directly from Machinery's Handbook, ASME Y14.5, and AWS D1.1.

Inspect Reference Tables Planned 16 Calculation Engines

Specialized Engines

0.00ms

Execution Latency

100%

Client-Side WASM/TS

Zero

Data Retention

Architecture Taxonomy

The FabLogic Computational Engine Matrix

16 discrete, high-precision calculation engines mapped across 4 core fabrication domains. Built for zero-latency client evaluation without cloud dependency.

Hub 01

Speeds, Feeds & Chip Dynamics

4 Tools

Deterministic spindle velocity, tangential surface speed, radial chip thinning compensation, and machine tool spindle power load forecasting.

Milling Speeds & Feeds (RPM & IPM)
Calculates RPM, feed rate, and feed per tooth based on cutter diameter and alloy SFM.
/calculators/speeds-and-feeds
Lathe Turning Surface Speed & CSS
Constant surface speed (CSS G96) limits, maximum clamp RPM (G50), and IPR feed.
/calculators/lathe-speed-feed
Radial Chip Thinning Factor (RCTF)
Compensates programmed feed rate when radial depth of cut (Ae) drops below 50% cutter diameter.
/calculators/chip-thinning
MRR & Spindle Power Demand
Material Removal Rate (in³/min or cm³/min) and required spindle horsepower (HP_cut).
/calculators/mrr-spindle-power

Hub 02

Sheet Metal Bending & Blank Layout

4 Tools

Plastic deformation calculations for press brakes, punch dies, neutral axis shift (K-factor), and blank length unrolling.

Bend Allowance (BA) & K-Factor
Solves neutral axis arc length based on inner radius, angle, and empirical material K-factors.
/calculators/bend-allowance
Bend Deduction (BD) & Outside Setback
Calculates total flange subtraction ($BD = 2 \times OSSB - BA$) for precise blank cutting.
/calculators/bend-deduction
Press Brake Air Bending Tonnage
Determines required tonnage per foot/meter across V-die openings (6x to 12x thickness).
/calculators/press-brake-tonnage
Flat Pattern Blank Developer
Multi-bend cumulative unrolled flat length calculator with bend line markings.
/calculators/flat-pattern-blank

Hub 03

Hole Layout, Tapping & Threading

4 Tools

Sub-thousandth thread engagement percentages, pitch circle coordinate trigonometry, and drill tip breakthrough clearances.

UNC / UNF / Metric Tap Drill Sizing
Calculates theoretical thread engagement percentage (standard 65% to 75%) and drill size.
/calculators/tap-drill-size
Thread Milling Code & Feed Compensation
Adjusts center-line feed for internal and external helical interpolation (G02/G03).
/calculators/thread-milling
Bolt Circle (PCD) Coordinate Generator
Generates X/Y coordinates for polar array hole patterns with arbitrary start angles.
/calculators/bolt-circle-pcd
Drill Point Depth & Breakthrough Allowance
Calculates drill tip length for standard 118° and 135° split points ($0.300 \times D$ / $0.207 \times D$).
/calculators/drill-point-depth

Hub 04

Welding Energy & Deposition

4 Tools

Heat input metrics, thermal efficiency factors, carbon equivalencies, and structural fillet throat sizing per AWS D1.1 and ASME IX.

Arc Welding Heat Input (AWS D1.1 / ASME IX)
Calculates energy input ($kJ/in$ or $kJ/mm$) from arc voltage, current, and travel speed.
/calculators/welding-heat-input
Weld Metal Deposition Rate & Efficiency
Determines pounds/kilograms per hour of deposited metal across GMAW, FCAW, SMAW, and SAW.
/calculators/weld-deposition-rate
Carbon Equivalent (CE) & Preheat Predictor
Evaluates cold-cracking susceptibility using IIW (CE) and Dearden-O'Neill (P_cm) formulations.
/calculators/carbon-equivalent-preheat
Fillet Weld Leg vs. Effective Throat Sizing
Calculates theoretical throat ($t = z \times \cos(45^\circ) \approx 0.707 \times z$) and shear stress capacity.
/calculators/fillet-weld-throat

Mathematical Rigor

Governing Engineering Formulas & Mathematical Proofs

Every calculation executed on FabLogic is anchored in established physics, plasticity theory, and international consensus standards.

Milling & Turning Kinematics

Spindle RPM & Feed Rate

// Spindle Velocity (Imperial)

RPM = (SFM × 12) / (π × D) ≈ (SFM × 3.8197) / D

// Table Linear Feed Rate

IPM = RPM × IPT × Z

Mathematical Proof: Spindle rotational speed converts linear cutting speed (Surface Feet per Minute) to rotational frequency. Because 1 foot = 12 inches and the circumference of a tool with diameter D (in inches) is π × D:

Linear Distance / Min = SFM × 12 [in/min]
Circumference per Rev = π × D [in/rev]
RPM = (SFM × 12) / (π × D) = SFM × 3.8197186 / D

Feed rate (IPM) represents the linear displacement per minute, computed as the product of revolutions per minute (RPM), chip load per tooth (IPT, inches per tooth), and total active flutes (Z).

Authority: Machinery's Handbook 31st Ed., pp. 1045-1052

Plasticity & Bending Theory

Sheet Metal Bend Allowance (BA)

// Neutral Axis Arc Length

BA = A × (π / 180) × (R + (K × T))

// Bend Deduction

BD = 2 × tan(A / 2) × (R + T) - BA

Mathematical Proof: Under plastic bending, material outside the neutral axis experiences tension while interior material undergoes compression. The neutral axis remains unstrained at depth K × T from the inside surface (where K = t_neutral / T).

Bend Radius of Neutral Axis = R + (K × T)
Angle in Radians = A × (π / 180)
Arc Length (BA) = θ × r_neutral = A × (π / 180) × [R + (K × T)]

Outside Setback (OSSB) represents the distance from the apex to the tangent line: OSSB = tan(A / 2) × (R + T). Bend Deduction is then BD = 2 × OSSB - BA.

Authority: SME Tool & Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, Vol 2

Thermodynamics & Metallurgy

Arc Welding Heat Input (HI)

// AWS D1.1 / ASME IX Heat Input

HI = (V × I × 60) / (S × 1000) × η

// Units: kJ/in (when S in in/min)

HI (kJ/mm) = (V × I × 60) / (S_mm × 1000) × η

Mathematical Proof: Arc electrical power is given by P = V × I (Watts, or Joules/sec). To calculate total energy delivered per unit length traversed at travel speed S (in/min):

Energy / Second = V × I [Joules / s]
Time per Unit Length = 60 / S [seconds / in]
Total Energy = (V × I × 60) / S [Joules / in]
Dividing by 1000 yields kiloJoules per inch (kJ/in).

Accounting for process arc thermal efficiency η per EN 1011-1 / ASME IX: GMAW/FCAW = 0.80, SMAW = 0.80, GTAW = 0.60, SAW = 1.00.

Authority: AWS D1.1:2020 Clause 5.6 & ASME Section IX QW-409.1

Standardized Engineering Data

High-Utility Fabrication Reference Tables

Pre-computed empirical shop data conforming to ASME B1.1, ISO 965, and SME sheet metal standards. Formatted for high-contrast viewing on shop floor terminals.

Reference Table 01

Standard UNC / UNF & Metric Tap Drill Chart (75% Thread Engagement)

Standard: ASME B1.1-2019 / ISO 965

Thread Designation	Major Diameter	Pitch / TPI	Tap Drill (Ideal)	Recommended Drill	Actual Decimal	Actual Engagement
1/4" - 20 UNC	0.2500 in	20 TPI	0.1960 in	#7 Drill	0.2010 in	75.4%
1/4" - 28 UNF	0.2500 in	28 TPI	0.2114 in	#3 Drill	0.2130 in	79.7%
3/8" - 16 UNC	0.3750 in	16 TPI	0.3075 in	5/16" Drill	0.3125 in	76.9%
3/8" - 24 UNF	0.3750 in	24 TPI	0.3300 in	Letter Q Drill	0.3320 in	79.2%
1/2" - 13 UNC	0.5000 in	13 TPI	0.4170 in	27/64" Drill	0.4219 in	75.3%
1/2" - 20 UNF	0.5000 in	20 TPI	0.4460 in	29/64" Drill	0.4531 in	72.1%
M6 × 1.0 ISO Metric	6.000 mm	1.00 mm	4.917 mm	5.00 mm Drill	0.1969 in (5.00mm)	77.0%
M8 × 1.25 ISO Metric	8.000 mm	1.25 mm	6.647 mm	6.80 mm Drill	0.2677 in (6.80mm)	76.8%
M10 × 1.5 ISO Metric	10.000 mm	1.50 mm	8.376 mm	8.50 mm Drill	0.3346 in (8.50mm)	75.0%
M12 × 1.75 ISO Metric	12.000 mm	1.75 mm	10.106 mm	10.20 mm Drill	0.4016 in (10.20mm)	78.0%

Governing Equation: Drill Size = Major Dia - (% Engagement × 0.01299 / TPI) (Imperial) or Major Dia - (% Engagement × Pitch / 76.98) (Metric). 70-75% thread depth provides maximum tensile strength without tap breakage.

Reference Table 02

Recommended Sheet Metal K-Factors & Inside Radii by Material

Standard: SME Formability & DIN 6935

Alloy & Temper	Yield Strength (ksi / MPa)	Min Inside Radius (R/T)	Air Bend K-Factor (R < 2T)	Air Bend K-Factor (R ≥ 2T)	Bottoming K-Factor
Aluminum 5052-H32	28 ksi / 193 MPa	1.0 × T	0.40	0.44	0.48
Aluminum 6061-T6	40 ksi / 276 MPa	2.5 × T	0.41	0.45	0.48
Cold Rolled Steel (1008/1010)	30 ksi / 205 MPa	1.0 × T	0.42	0.46	0.50
Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled (A36)	36 ksi / 250 MPa	1.2 × T	0.42	0.45	0.49
Stainless Steel 304 (2B)	35 ksi / 240 MPa	1.5 × T	0.44	0.48	0.50
Stainless Steel 316L	42 ksi / 290 MPa	1.5 × T	0.45	0.48	0.50
Brass (C260 Cartridge)	20 ksi / 140 MPa	0.8 × T	0.38	0.42	0.46

Note: The K-Factor represents the ratio of the neutral axis position to material thickness (K = t_neutral / T). For sharp bends (R < T), empirical testing or DIN 6935 tabular correction must be applied to prevent outer fiber tearing.

Reference Table 03

Baseline Surface Feet per Minute (SFM) for Carbide vs. HSS Tooling

Standard: ISO 513 Material Groups

Material Designation	ISO Group	HSS Tooling (SFM)	Uncoated Carbide (SFM)	Coated Carbide (TiAlN)	Coolant Strategy
Aluminum 6061-T6 / 7075-T6	ISO N	250 - 500 SFM	1,200 - 2,500 SFM	2,500 - 6,000+ SFM	High-Pressure Flood / MQL
Mild Steel (AISI 1018 / A36)	ISO P	80 - 120 SFM	350 - 650 SFM	650 - 1,100 SFM	Flood or Air Blast
Alloy Steel (4140 / 4340 Ann.)	ISO P	60 - 90 SFM	250 - 450 SFM	450 - 800 SFM	Flood or Dry Air
Stainless Steel (304 / 316)	ISO M	40 - 70 SFM	180 - 320 SFM	350 - 600 SFM	Flood (High Pressure)
Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5)	ISO S	30 - 50 SFM	100 - 180 SFM	150 - 280 SFM	High-Pressure Flood Only
Nickel Superalloy (Inconel 718)	ISO S	15 - 30 SFM	60 - 110 SFM	90 - 170 SFM	Through-Spindle Flood
Brass (C360 Free Cutting)	ISO N	200 - 350 SFM	600 - 1,200 SFM	1,200 - 2,200 SFM	Dry or Mist

SFM Metric Conversion: Cutting Speed V_c (m/min) = SFM × 0.3048. Values represent finishing/semi-finishing baselines. Reduce speeds by 20-30% for heavy roughing or deep slotting.

Consensus Specifications

Standards & Semantic Entity Relationships

FabLogic computation pipelines map directly to active national and international engineering standards:

Machinery's Handbook

31st / 32nd Edition • Industrial Press

Governs cutting speeds, chip loads, standard screw threads, tap drill formulations, and gearing kinematics.

ENTITY: Industrial Press

ASME

ASME Y14.5 & B1.1

GD&T & Unified Inch Screw Threads

Defines geometric tolerances, true position calculations, MMC/LMC boundary envelopes, and UN thread classes.

ENTITY: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

AWS

AWS D1.1 / ASME IX

Structural Welding & Pressure Vessels

Standardizes thermal arc energy calculations, procedure qualification heat inputs, and weld throat shear geometry.

ENTITY: American Welding Society

ISO

ISO 2768 & ISO 965

General Tolerances & Metric Threads

Supplies default linear/angular tolerance classes (m, f, c, v) and metric thread engagement tolerances.

ENTITY: International Organization for Standardization

Zero Telemetry • Zero Database

The FabLogic Client-Side Compute Guarantee

Following the architectural lineage of PowerLab.org and HVACLogic.org, FabLogic operates with zero tracking cookies, zero analytics beacons, and zero server-side computation. Tool parameters, part dimensions, and proprietary feed charts never leave your browser memory.